By therandomsci / February 4, 2021
More than 90 vaccines are developed against SARS-CoV-2 around the world.
Phase 1- 36 Vaccine Tested against safety and dosage. Scientists give vaccine to a small number of people to test safety and dosage, as well as to confirm that it stimulates the immune system.
Phase 2- 25 Vaccine Tested in expand safety trail. Scientists give the vaccine to hundreds of people split into groups, such as children and the elderly, to see if the vaccine acts differently in them. These trials further test the vaccine’s safety.
Phase 3- 20 Vaccine Tested in large scale safety trail. Scientists give vaccine to thousands of people and check for their efficacy rate, protection, and side effect.
Authorized- 7 Vaccine are in the authorized phase where it being used for emergencies based on preliminary evidence that they are safe and effective.
Approval- 3 Vaccine are approved for full use. Regulators review the complete trial results and plans for a vaccine’s manufacturing and decide whether to give it full approval.
Abandoned or Pause- 4 Vaccines are abandoned after trial. Observation of worrying symptoms in volunteers.
A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that only develops inside the living cell of an organism. Viruses infect all types of living forms from bacteria to animals. They are so small that 500 million viruses can fit on the head of a pin.
The virus is made up of genetic material either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protective coating of protein.
Our body’s immune system has memory. It can recognize pathogen which previously attacks our body and know how to fight it. But when the pathogen is new to our body’s immune system it cannot determine how to fight with it.
Vaccines help the immune system to get familiar with pathogens and can learn how to fight with them.
After virus (coronavirus) enter the human body with the help of ACE 2 Receptor (human cell) and Spike protein (Virus). Viruses make copies of themselves with the help of RNA.
Immune response: First immune system (APCs) starts engulfing the virus and activates other cells for help (T helper cell). The immune system starts making antibodies that will help the virus from infecting cells and destroy the virus infection. The produced antibody can patrol the body for months or years providing immunity. And then stored in the memory of the immune system.
For more detail please check the image:
https://www.livescience.com/53272-what-is-a-virus.html
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html
Leave A Comment